
National Cancer Institute

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Questions & Answers
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Women who have reconstructive surgery are monitored carefully to detect and treat complications, such as infection, movement of the implant, or...
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Breast reconstruction is a plastic surgery procedure in which the shape of the breast is rebuilt. Many women who choose to have preventive mastectomy...
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Doctors do not always agree on the most effective way to manage the care of women who have a strong family history of breast cancer and/or have other...
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Like any other surgery, complications such as bleeding or infection can occur. Preventive mastectomy is irreversible and can have psychological...
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Existing data suggest that preventive mastectomy may significantly reduce (by about 90 percent) the chance of developing breast cancer in moderate...
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Women who are at high risk of developing breast cancer may consider preventive mastectomy as a way of decreasing their risk of this disease. Some of...
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Preventive mastectomy (also called prophylactic or risk-reducing mastectomy ) is the surgical removal of one or both breasts in an effort to prevent...
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Biological therapy (sometimes called immunotherapy, biotherapy, or biological response modifier therapy) is a relatively new addition to the family...
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The immune system is a complex network of cells and organs that work together to defend the body against attacks by "foreign" or "non-self" invaders...
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Some antibodies, cytokines, and other immune system substances can be produced in the laboratory for use in cancer treatment. These substances are...
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Like interferons, interleukins (ILs) are cytokines that occur naturally in the body and can be made in the laboratory. Many interleukins have been...
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Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), sometimes called hematopoietic growth factors, usually do not directly affect tumor cells. Instead, they encourage...
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Researchers are evaluating the effectiveness of certain antibodies made in the laboratory called monoclonal antibodies (MOABs or MoABs). These...
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Cancer vaccines are another form of biological therapy currently under study. Vaccines for infectious diseases, such as measles, mumps, and tetanus...
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Gene therapy is an experimental treatment that involves introducing genetic material into a person's cells to fight disease. Researchers are studying...












